印象派（Impressionism）

奥斯卡·克劳德·莫奈（Oscar-Claude Monet）是法国印象派绘画的创始人，并且是该运动在大自然之前表达自己的看法的哲学的最一致和最多产的实践者，尤其是应用于普林山水画的人。“印象派”一词源自他的画作《印象，soleil levant》，该画作于1874年在莫奈及其同事举办的第一次独立展览中展出，以替代巴黎沙龙。

莫奈（Monet）记录法国乡村的野心使他采取了多次绘制同一场景的方法，以捕捉光线的变化和季节的流逝。从1883年起，莫奈（Monet）居住在吉维尼（Giverny），在那里他购买了房屋和财产，并开始了一个大型的美化项目，其中包括百合池，这将成为他最著名的作品的主题。1899年，他开始画睡莲，首先以日本桥为中心的垂直视图，后来又进行了一系列大型画作，在接下来的20年中不断占领他。

Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting. The term "Impressionism" is derived from the title of his painting Impression, soleil levant, which was exhibited in 1874 in the first of the independent exhibitions mounted by Monet and his associates as an alternative to the Salon de Paris.

Monet's ambition of documenting the French countryside led him to adopt a method of painting the same scene many times in order to capture the changing of light and the passing of the seasons. From 1883 Monet lived in Giverny, where he purchased a house and property, and began a vast landscaping project which included lily ponds that would become the subjects of his best-known works. In 1899 he began painting the water lilies, first in vertical views with a Japanese bridge as a central feature, and later in the series of large-scale paintings that was to occupy him continuously for the next 20 years of his life.

他出生于巴黎的让·巴蒂斯特·阿曼德·纪尧姆（Jean-Baptiste Armand Guillaumin），在参加晚上的绘画课时，曾在叔叔的内衣店工作。他还曾在法国政府铁路部门工作，然后于1861年在瑞士学院学习。在那里，他遇到了保罗·塞尚和卡米尔·毕沙罗，与他们保持了终身友谊。尽管他从未达到这两人的地位，但他对他们的工作产生了重大影响。塞尚尝试根据塞纳河上驳船的纪尧姆画作首次蚀刻。

纪尧姆于1863年在拒绝沙龙中展出。他参加了八个印象派展览中的六个：1874、1877、1880、1881、1882和1886。[1]
专职画家

1886年，他成为文森特·梵高（Vincent van Gogh）的朋友，梵高的哥哥西奥（Theo）出售了他的一些作品。终于，他得以辞掉政府工作，专心于绘画，并于1891年赢得了10万法郎的州彩票。
Armand Guillaumin-塞纳河景观，巴黎

Guillamin的绘画以其强烈的色彩而著称，在世界各大博物馆都有代表。他的巴黎，克雷兹省（Creusedépartement）风景以及法国普罗旺斯-阿尔卑斯-蔚蓝海岸地区地中海沿岸的LesAdrets-de-l'Estérel附近地区广为人知。Guillamin被称为Écolede Crozant的负责人，Écolede Crozant是一群由各种各样的画家组成的画家，他们来描绘Crozant村庄周围的Creuse地区的景观。其中一幅名为《克罗桑特的风景》的画作位于芝加哥艺术学院。他的半身像在乡村教堂附近的广场上。
死亡
Armand Guillaumin于1927年在巴黎南部的瓦尔德马恩省奥利市去世。

Born Jean-Baptiste Armand Guillaumin in Paris, he worked at his uncle's lingerie shop while attending evening drawing lessons. He also worked for a French government railway before studying at the Académie Suisse in 1861. There, he met Paul Cézanne and Camille Pissarro with whom he maintained lifelong friendships. While he never achieved the stature of these two, his influence on their work was significant. Cézanne attempted his first etching based on Guillaumin paintings of barges on the River Seine.

Guillaumin exhibited at the Salon des Refusés in 1863. He participated in six of the eight Impressionist exhibitions: 1874, 1877, 1880, 1881, 1882 and 1886.[1]
Full-time painter

In 1886, he became a friend of Vincent van Gogh whose brother, Theo sold some of his works. He was finally able to quit his government job and concentrate on painting full-time in 1891, when he won 100,000 francs in the state lottery.
Armand Guillaumin - View of the Seine, Paris

Noted for their intense colours, Guillamin's paintings are represented in major museums around the world. He is best remembered for his landscapes of Paris, the Creuse département, and the area around Les Adrets-de-l'Estérel near the Mediterranean coast in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. Guillamin was called the leader of the École de Crozant, a diverse group of painters who came to depict the landscape in the region of the Creuse around the village of Crozant. One of these depictions, titled Landscape in Crozant, is housed in the Chicago Institute of Arts. His bust is in the square near the village church.
Death
Armand Guillaumin died in 1927 in Orly, Val-de-Marne just south of Paris.